Maharashtra Board - Class 9 previous year questions (PYQ)

Refer to the Case Study 'Case Study: Hazardous Enterprise and Supreme Court Doctrine of Absolute Liability' to answer:

What is the crucial legal distinction between the English rule of 'Strict Liability' and Indian 'Absolute Liability'?

What is the primary agronomic benefit of Drip Irrigation compared to traditional surface flood irrigation?

Refer to the Case Study 'Case Study: Hazardous Enterprise and Supreme Court Doctrine of Absolute Liability' to answer:

Which statutory enactment was passed by the Indian Parliament following the Bhopal gas disaster and oleum gas leak?

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): Heavy water ($D_2O$) is utilized as a moderator in thermal nuclear power reactors.

Reason (R): Deuterium nuclei slow down energetic fission neutrons through elastic collisions without substantial parasitic neutron absorption.

Which figure of speech is exemplified in 'Dialogue and Interview Writing'?

Which figure of speech is exemplified in 'Dialogue and Interview Writing'?

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): Under the Constitution of India, the judiciary enjoys structural independence from executive and legislative interference.

Reason (R): Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts have security of tenure and their judicial salaries are charged directly to the Consolidated Fund of India.

Refer to the Case Study 'Case Study: Hazardous Enterprise and Supreme Court Doctrine of Absolute Liability' to answer:

Which Fundamental Right under Part III of the Constitution was invoked as the constitutional foundation for environmental protection?

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): The square root of 2 ($\sqrt{2}$) is an irrational real number.

Reason (R): The square root of any positive prime integer is an irrational number.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): Diamond sparkles brilliantly with internal radiance.

Reason (R): Total internal reflection of light occurs inside diamond because its critical angle is exceptionally small (approximately 24.4°).

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): An agreement entered into without lawful consideration is void ab initio under Section 25 of the Indian Contract Act 1872.

Reason (R): Lawful consideration is a mandatory statutory pillar of contractual enforceability under the legal maxim *ex nudo pacto non oritur actio*.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): The quadratic equation $x^2 - 6x + 9 = 0$ has real and equal roots.

Reason (R): A quadratic equation $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$ has real and equal roots if and only if its discriminant $D = b^2 - 4ac = 0$.

Refer to the Case Study 'Case Study: Hazardous Enterprise and Supreme Court Doctrine of Absolute Liability' to answer:

What is the crucial legal distinction between the English rule of 'Strict Liability' and Indian 'Absolute Liability'?

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): A convex mirror is commonly used as a driver's rear-view mirror in automobiles.

Reason (R): A convex mirror always forms an erect, virtual, and diminished image, providing a much wider field of view.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): Under the Constitution of India, the judiciary enjoys structural independence from executive and legislative interference.

Reason (R): Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts have security of tenure and their judicial salaries are charged directly to the Consolidated Fund of India.

Refer to the Case Study 'Case Study: Hazardous Enterprise and Supreme Court Doctrine of Absolute Liability' to answer:

Which statutory enactment was passed by the Indian Parliament following the Bhopal gas disaster and oleum gas leak?

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): The value of $\sin\theta$ cannot exceed 1 for any real angle $\theta$.

Reason (R): In any right-angled triangle, the hypotenuse is the strictly longest side, ensuring the ratio $\text{Perpendicular}/\text{Hypotenuse} \le 1$.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): An agreement entered into without lawful consideration is void ab initio under Section 25 of the Indian Contract Act 1872.

Reason (R): Lawful consideration is a mandatory statutory pillar of contractual enforceability under the legal maxim *ex nudo pacto non oritur actio*.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): Under the Constitution of India, the judiciary enjoys structural independence from executive and legislative interference.

Reason (R): Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts have security of tenure and their judicial salaries are charged directly to the Consolidated Fund of India.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): Terrace farming is widely practiced in hilly and mountainous agro-ecosystems.

Reason (R): Terraces create stepped flat platforms along slopes that significantly reduce the surface velocity of water runoff and prevent topsoil erosion.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): The value of $\sin\theta$ cannot exceed 1 for any real angle $\theta$.

Reason (R): In any right-angled triangle, the hypotenuse is the strictly longest side, ensuring the ratio $\text{Perpendicular}/\text{Hypotenuse} \le 1$.

Refer to the Case Study 'Case Study: Parabolic Cable Geometry in Civil Engineering Suspension Bridges' to answer:

What geometric property distinguishes the vertex of the upward-opening parabola $y = ax^2 + c$ ($a > 0$)?

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): An agreement entered into without lawful consideration is void ab initio under Section 25 of the Indian Contract Act 1872.

Reason (R): Lawful consideration is a mandatory statutory pillar of contractual enforceability under the legal maxim *ex nudo pacto non oritur actio*.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): The square root of 2 ($\sqrt{2}$) is an irrational real number.

Reason (R): The square root of any positive prime integer is an irrational number.